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Which of the following represents the correct TUPAC name for the compounds concerned?
(a) 2, 2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane (b) 2, 4, 7-Trimethyloctane or 2, 5, 7- Trimethyloctane (c) 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane (d) But-3-yn- l-ol or But-4-ol-yne.

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(a) 2,2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane (b) 2,4,7-Trimethyloctane or 2,5,7-Trimethyloctane(c) 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane(d) But-3-yn-1-ol or But-4-ol-1-yne Answer (a) The prefix di in the IUPAC name indicates that two identical substituent groups are present...
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(a) 2,2-Dimethylpentane or 2-Dimethylpentane

(b) 2,4,7-Trimethyloctane or 2,5,7-Trimethyloctane
(c) 2-Chloro-4-methylpentane or 4-Chloro-2-methylpentane
(d) But-3-yn-1-ol or But-4-ol-1-yne

Answer

(a) The prefix di in the IUPAC name indicates that two identical substituent groups are present in the parent chain. Since two methyl groups are present in the C–2 of the parent chain of the given compound, the correct IPUAC name of the given compound is 2, 2–dimethylpentane.It is an alkane molecule

(b) Locant number 2, 4, 7 is lower than 2, 5, 7. Hence, the IUPAC name of the given compound is 2, 4, 7–trimethyloctane.In lowest set of locants the sum of locants should be minimum, the locant with lowest total value is given the preference,i.e 2+4+7=13 is lower in value than 2+5+7=14.


 


(c) If the substituents are present in the equivalent position of the parent chain, then the lower number is given to the one that comes first in the name according to the alphabetical order. Hence, the correct IUPAC name of the given compound is 2–chloro–4–methylpentane

(d) Two functional groups – alcoholic and alkyne – are present in the given compound. The principal functional group is the alcoholic group. Hence, the parent chain will be suffixed with ol. The alkyne group is present in the C–3 of the parent chain & will be considered as substitutent. Hence, the correct IUPAC name of the given compound is But–3–yn–1–ol.

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In a metallic bond, why positive ions are called kernels, not cations?
The kernel is an atom without its valence electrons that are weakly bonded; no electron belongs to one nucleus, valence electrons can move one kernel to another. So it is known as kernel, not cation (have valency).
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