1.
Option B
2.
In India, much of its forest and wildlife resources are either owned or managed by the government through the Forest Department or other government departments.
3.
Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centers known as agglomeration economies.
4.
Airborne particulate materials contain both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays mist and smoke.
5.
Option A
6.
Option B
7.
phosphoric
8.
Gandhian
9.
These industries are owned and operated by government agencies, e.g. SAIL, BHEL, ONGC, etc.
10.
The Hirakud project in the Mahanadi basin integrates conservation of water with flood control.
11.
Advantages of multi-purpose projects: They help in flood control. They help in supplying water to water deficient area. They help in better supply of drinking water. They also help in electricity generation. Disadvantages of multi-purpose projects: Construction of a large dam results in large scale displacement of people. It affects the livelihood of the displaced. Vast tracts of land is inundated in the catchment area which leads to large scale environmental consequences.
12.
Option A
13.
Option D
14.
Agricultural Expansion: According to the Forest Survey of India, over 262,000 sq km of forest area was converted into agricultural land in India between 1951 and 1980. Moreover, a substantial part of the tribal belts has been deforested or degraded by shifting cultivation. Enrichment Plantation: Enrichment plantation was done to promote a few favoured species in many parts of India. This practice involves plantation of a single commercially valuable species. This leads to elimination of other species. Development Projects: Large scale development projects have also contributed significantly to the loss of forests. Over 5,000 sq km of forest was cleared for river valley projects since 1951. Mining: Mining has also caused large scale depletion of flora and fauna in many areas. For example; the ongoing dolomite mining is seriously threatening the Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal. Unequal Access to Resources: Social inequality is another major factor to depletion of flora and fauna. The rich people consume much more than the poor and thus cause a higher degree of environmental damage.
15.
Resource planning is essential for sustainable existence of all forms of life.
16.
The laterite soil are mainly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, and the hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.
17.
sandy
18.
Human beings
19.
Sixty per cent mills are in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.
20.
Indian government
