1.
The Cholas set up a highly efficient system of administration. The empire was divided into provinces called Mandalams. The Mandalams were further divided into Districts called Nadu. Each Nadu consists of a group of Villages called Urs. The village council and the Nadu performed several administrative functions including dispensing justice and collecting taxes. In towns, associations of traders known as nagarams also occasionally performed administrative functions in towns.
2.
The Pandyan and the Pallava territories in south India Ganga valley Sri Lanka, Lakshdweep, Countries of Southeast Asia (e.g. Sumatra).
3.
Big landlords or warrior chiefs who were subordinates to a king are called samantha.
4.
Somnath
5.
Kanauj
6.
rainwater
7.
This Arabic work, known as the Kitab-al Hind, remains an important source for historians.
8.
world
9.
The village council and the nadu had several administrative functions including dispensing justice and collecting taxes.
10.
A Chola temple was not only a place of worship but also the hub of economic, social and cultural life. Thus apart from the priests we find a number of people, who engaged in various activities, were associated with a Chola temple. They were – garland makers, cooks, sweepers, musicians, dancers, crafts people etc.
11.
Prashastis
12.
Ellora caves.
13.
Men
14.
After defeating Pala kings, Chola king Rajendra I brought Ganga water from Ganga valley to sanctify tank of his royal temple. The temple and the city got its name as 'Gangaikonda cholapuram' i.e. the city of the Chola that seized the River Ganga.
15.
No. It was not important to be a Kshatriya in order to become a ruler in that period. For example: Dantidurga, a Rashtrakuta chief, overthrew his Chalukya overlord and performed a ritual called hiranya-garbha to establish his kingdom. Kadamba Mayurasharman and the Gurjara-Pratihara Harichandra were Brahmanas who gave up their traditional professions and took to arms, successfully establishing kingdoms in Karnataka and Rajasthan respectively.
16.
Vijayalaya, who belonged to the ancient chiefly family of the Cholas from Uraiyur, captured the delta from the Muttaraiyar in the middle of the ninth century.
17.
agriculture
18.
Land grants received by Brahmanas were called Brahmadeya. These were recorded on copper plates It was written partly in Sanskrit and partly in Tamil. The ring holding the plates together was secured with the royal seal, to indicate that this is an authentic document.
19.
Groups of villages formed larger units called nadu.
20.
Kings often acknowledged landlords as their subordinates or samantas.
